Kubernetes

Kubectl Create Namespace: How to Create a Custom Namespace?

In this blog post, we'll learn how to create a custom Namespace in Kubernetes using the "kubectl create namespace" command. But before we do so, let's take a step back and understand what a Namespace is and why it's useful.

What Is Kubernetes Namespace?

A Kubernetes Namespace is a way to create virtual clusters within a larger Kubernetes cluster.

By using Namespaces, you can separate your cluster into different groups that are isolated from one another. For instance, you can create two separate Namespaces for an application — one for development and one for production. The development Namespace can be used for testing, debugging, and experimentation purposes, while the production Namespace can be used for hosting the stable and publicly accessible version of the application.

When you create a Namespace, any Kubernetes objects such as Pods, Deployments, and DaemonSets that you launch in it will exist exclusively within that Namespace. More importantly, all operations you perform, such as scaling and deleting resources, will only affect the objects in that specific Namespace. With this approach, you can rest assured that operations performed against the resources in the development environment will not accidentally impact the application in production.

Why Use Kubernetes Namespace?

Imagine a Kubernetes cluster with hundreds or even thousands of applications running inside Pods. Each of these Pods has its own set of Kubernetes objects, such as Deployments, Services, ConfigMaps, Secrets, and more. When all these resources are deployed in the same Namespace, it can be difficult to know which resource belongs to which application.

In such a scenario, there is a high risk of accidentally updating the wrong resource and breaking a running application.

Namespaces provide a solution to this problem. By grouping resources into logically isolated groups, Namespaces help reduce the chance of making mistakes when managing resources. They ensure that operations launched against resources in a particular Namespace don't impact the resources in other Namespaces.

You can separate your resources based on their function, ownership, or environment, and apply different policies and access controls to each Namespace as needed. This makes it easier to maintain and troubleshoot your cluster over time.

Now that we understand what Namespaces are and their benefits, let's learn how to create a custom Namespace in Kubernetes.

Prerequisites

To make it easier for you to follow along with the example in this post, we recommend using KodeKloud’s Kubernetes playground. This playground will provide you instant access to a running Kubernetes cluster with kubectl already installed. No need for you to install any software. With just one click, you'll be ready to run the example code snippets and start experimenting right away.

Alternatively, you can use a tool such as minikube to set up your own Kubernetes cluster. Just make sure you have kubectl installed and configured to communicate with the running cluster.

Please note that the commands and their outputs provided in the examples below have been tested on KodeKloud’s Kubernetes playground.

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How to Create a Custom Kubernetes Namespace?

With the prerequisites taken care of, creating a custom Namespace in Kubernetes is a simple process. Here's how you can do it:

Step 1: Check available Namespaces

Open a terminal and run the following command to list all the Namespaces in your cluster:

kubectl get namespaces

This will list all the Namespaces in your cluster, along with their status and age:

You will see a lot of Namespaces listed. Note that the Namespaces you’ll see besides the "default" Namespace will vary depending on your cluster configuration.

For example, if you run the "kubectl get namespaces" command on a Kubernetes cluster set up using minikube, you’ll get the following output:

You may notice that in addition to the "default" Namespace, some Namespaces appear in both outputs while others are unique to each one. These additional Namespaces are not relevant to our discussion, so you can ignore them. However, understanding the "default" Namespace is important.

By default, all Kubernetes resources are created in the "default" Namespace if no Namespace is specified. The "default" Namespace is created automatically when Kubernetes is installed.

Step 2: Create a custom Namespace

Run the following command to create a new Kubernetes Namespace called "production". You can name your Namespace anything you like.

kubectl create namespace production

The output shows that the "production" Namespace has been created successfully. We can verify this by executing the "kubectl get namespaces" command.

As you can see, the new Namespace named "production" is now listed along with the other Namespaces in the cluster. We can now use this Namespace to deploy applications and manage resources.

How to Create a Deployment in a Custom Namespace?

In the previous section, we created a custom Namespace named "production".

Now, let's create a Deployment that runs an "nginx" web server inside this Namespace. We can use the "kubectl create deployment" command for this purpose. However, we need to specify the Namespace using the "-n" or "--namespace" flag, as shown below:

kubectl create deployment mynginx --image=nginx -n=production

In this command, we have specified the "nginx" image and the "production" Namespace using the "-n" flag. We have also given the Deployment the name "mynginx".

The output shows that the Deployment has been created successfully.

Next, let's verify that the "mynginx" Deployment has been created inside the "production" Namespace. We can use the "kubectl get deployments" command with the "-n" flag to list the Deployments in the "production" Namespace. The complete command looks like this:

kubectl get deployments -n=production

Here is the output we get after executing the command:

As you can see, the "mynginx" Deployment is now running inside the "production" Namespace.

How to Delete a Custom Kubernetes Namespace?

Now that we have created a custom Namespace called "production", let's see how we can delete it.

Deleting a Namespace is a simple operation in Kubernetes. We can use the "kubectl delete namespace" command followed by the name of the Namespace we want to delete. Run the following command to delete the "production" Namespace:

kubectl delete namespace production

Here is the output we get after executing the command:

The output shows that the "production" Namespace has been deleted.

To verify that the "production" Namespace has been successfully deleted, we can list the available Namespaces in our cluster using the command below:

kubectl get namespaces

The output does not include the "production" Namespace in the list of Namespaces, indicating that it has been successfully deleted.

What Happens When You Delete the Namespace in Kubernetes?

Remember that deleting a Namespace also deletes all the resources created inside it. In our case, we had created a Deployment called "mynginx" inside the "production" Namespace. Now that we have deleted this Namespace, we have also deleted this "mynginx" Deployment.

Remember to be careful when deleting Namespaces, as it can result in the loss of important resources. Always double-check before performing such operations.

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Conclusion

In this blog post, we learned what Namespaces are, why they are useful, and how to create one using the "kubectl create namespace" command. We also learned how to deploy Kubernetes resources inside a custom Namespace and how to delete a custom Namespace.

Whether you're working with a small-scale or large-scale Kubernetes cluster, Namespaces is a key feature that can help you better organize your cluster and manage your resources.

Hemanta Sundaray

Apr 10, 2023 • 6 min read