What are logical and extended partitions?

In this video, Sign In | KodeKloud, I do not understand what is meant by “logical partition”. The video says, "Logical partitions are those created within an extended partition. "

Other than being created within an extended partition, I still do not understand what they do. I also do not understand what “extended partitions” are, other than it can “host logical partitions” as the video says. I feel like the explanations here are circular.

The video does a good job at explaining the function of “primary partitions”, however:

The primary partition is a type of partition that can be used to boot an operating system.

Yep got it. that makes sense!

Can someone please expand a bit more on what logical and extended partitions are?

These are standard terms there aren’t really Linux specific. There’s a pretty good discussion (which is a bit Windows-centric, but still valid) here.